Math Object

The JavaScript Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers. It is a built-in object that has properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions.

1. Math Properties (Constants)

JavaScript provides several mathematical constants that can be accessed as properties of the Math object:

console.log(Math.PI); // Outputs: 3.141592653589793
console.log(Math.E); // Outputs: 2.718281828459045
console.log(Math.SQRT2); // Outputs: 1.4142135623730951
console.log(Math.SQRT1_2); // Outputs: 0.7071067811865476
console.log(Math.LN2); // Outputs: 0.6931471805599453
console.log(Math.LN10); // Outputs: 2.302585092994046
console.log(Math.LOG2E); // Outputs: 1.4426950408889634
console.log(Math.LOG10E); // Outputs: 0.4342944819032518

2. Math Methods

JavaScript provides various methods to perform mathematical operations:

• Math.abs(x): Returns the absolute value of x.
• Math.ceil(x): Returns x rounded up to the nearest integer.
• Math.floor(x): Returns x rounded down to the nearest integer.
• Math.round(x): Returns x rounded to the nearest integer.
• Math.trunc(x): Returns the integer part of x.
• Math.max(x, y, ...): Returns the largest of zero or more numbers.
• Math.min(x, y, ...): Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers.
• Math.pow(x, y): Returns x raised to the power of y.
• Math.sqrt(x): Returns the square root of x.
• Math.cbrt(x): Returns the cube root of x.
• Math.exp(x): Returns e^x, where e is Euler's number.
• Math.log(x): Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.
• Math.log10(x): Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
• Math.log2(x): Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
• Math.sin(x): Returns the sine of x (x is in radians).
• Math.cos(x): Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians).
• Math.tan(x): Returns the tangent of x (x is in radians).

console.log(Math.abs(-5)); // Outputs: 5
console.log(Math.ceil(4.2)); // Outputs: 5
console.log(Math.floor(4.8)); // Outputs: 4
console.log(Math.round(4.5)); // Outputs: 5
console.log(Math.trunc(4.9)); // Outputs: 4
console.log(Math.max(1, 2, 3)); // Outputs: 3
console.log(Math.min(1, 2, 3)); // Outputs: 1
console.log(Math.pow(2, 3)); // Outputs: 8
console.log(Math.sqrt(16)); // Outputs: 4
console.log(Math.cbrt(27)); // Outputs: 3
console.log(Math.exp(1)); // Outputs: 2.718281828459045
console.log(Math.log(1)); // Outputs: 0
console.log(Math.log10(100)); // Outputs: 2
console.log(Math.log2(8)); // Outputs: 3
console.log(Math.sin(Math.PI / 2)); // Outputs: 1
console.log(Math.cos(0)); // Outputs: 1
console.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4)); // Outputs: 1

3. Random Numbers

The Math.random() method returns a pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive):

console.log(Math.random()); // Outputs a random number between 0 and 1

4. Rounding Methods

JavaScript provides several methods to round numbers:

• Math.round(x): Rounds x to the nearest integer.
• Math.ceil(x): Rounds x up to the nearest integer.
• Math.floor(x): Rounds x down to the nearest integer.
• Math.trunc(x): Returns the integer part of x.

console.log(Math.round(4.5)); // Outputs: 5
console.log(Math.ceil(4.2)); // Outputs: 5
console.log(Math.floor(4.8)); // Outputs: 4
console.log(Math.trunc(4.9)); // Outputs: 4